另,考纲要求的交际用语项目
汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处,但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。许多情景对话中使用的习惯用语符合英美人的表达习惯。问候、告别、问路、打电话、购物、看病等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语;感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其约定俗成的应答用语。考生必须用英美人的思维方式,遵循他们的习惯进行回答。交际用语常见的回答用语主要有以下几个方面:
感谢
—Thank you. (Thanks a lot. Thank you for your help. It’s very nice/ kind of you to help me. I really appreciate your help.)
— It’s a pleasure. (Don’t mention it. /My pleasure. /That’s OK. /That’s ’re welcome.)
道歉
—Sorry. (I’m sorry. /Excuse me, please./ I’m sorry that I am late./ I’m sorry for losing the book./ I’m sorry to interrupt you.)
—That’s OK/all right. (It’s OK. /It’s all right. / It doesn’t matter. / Never mind. / It’s nothing. Forget it.)
邀请
—Would you like to go for a walk? (May I invite you to dinner? / What (How) about seeing a film with me? /I wonder if we could go shopping together.)
—I’d like that. Thank you. (Yes, I’d love to. / That would be nice. / Sounds good (great). /Why not?)
—No, thank you. (It’s very nice of you, but… /I’d love to, but… /I’m sorry I can’t. /What about another time? / I’m afraid I can’t, for…)
请求允许
—May I come in? (Is it all right if I sit here?)
—Yes, please. (Sure. / Certainly. / Please do. OK.)
—Can/Could I use your telephone?
—Of course you can. (Go ahead, please. / I’m afraid not.)
—I wonder/am wondering if I could smoke here. (Do you mind if I smoke here? /Would you mind...?
问候
Good morning (afternoon, evening). /Hello /Hi. /How do you do? /Nice to meet you. 回答相同
—How are you?
—Fine, thank you. And you? /Very well, thank you.
介绍
This is Mr. (Mrs. /Miss)... / I’d like you to meet my parents. /My name is....I’m a student.
告别
Goodbye. /See you later (tomorrow). /Good night.
祝愿、祝贺和应答
—Good luck!/ Best wishes to you. /Have a nice (good) time (journey). /Congratulations!
—Thank you.
—Happy New Year!/ Merry Christmas!
—The same to you.
—Happy birthday to you.
—Thank you.
遗憾和同情
What a pity! /I’m sorry to hear that.
提供帮助和应答
Can I help you? / What can I do for you? /Here, take this/my bike.
—Let me do it for you.
—Thanks for your help. /Yes, please. /No, thanks. /That’s very kind of you.
表示同意和不同意
Certainly. /Sure. /Of course. /Yes, please. /Yes, I think so. /All right. /OK. /That’s a good idea. /I agree with you.
No, I don’t think so. /I’m afraid not. / I really can’t agree with you.
表示肯定和不肯定
I’m sure. /I’m sure that...
I’m not sure. /I’m not sure whether (if)... /Maybe.
喜欢和厌恶
I like (love)... very much. / I like (love) to...
I don’t like to... /I hate to ...
问时间、日期的应答
—What day is it?
—It’s Monday.
—What’s the date?
—It’s Jan. 10th.
—What’s the time, please?
—It’s five o’clock (half past five)... /It’s time to ...
请求
Can (could) you...for me? /Will (would) you please do sth.? /May I have...? /Please give (pass) me...
劝告和建议
I think you ought to…
If I were you, I’d…
It might be a good idea if you…
Have you ever thought of…?
I recommend that…
I strongly advise you to…
You really ought to…
Personally, I think you’d better…
Why not do…?
Why don’t you do…?
I suggest that…
What about doing…?
How about doing…?
Shall we…?
Let’s…, shall we?
You need to...
禁止和警告
You can’t…
You mustn’t…
You’d better not…
Don’t…
Take care!
Be careful!
Look out!
If you…, you will…
You are not allowed to…
打电话
This is…(speaking). (一般不说I am…)
It is …here.
May (Can / Could) I speak to …, please?
I’d like to speak to…, please. 请找…接电话好吗?
Who’s that (speaking /calling)? (不说Who are you?)
Is that … (speaking)?
Is …there?
Is…in?
Hold on, please.
Hold the line, please.
Can I take a message? / Can you give (leave) a message? (对方要找的人不在时)
Can/Could I ask who is calling?
May I have your telephone number?
购物
What can I do for you? Can I help you?
What’s the price of …? / How much is…? …多少钱?
It’s well worth the money.
Have you got anything a little cheaper?
How much does it come to? /How much is it altogether?
Try it for size.
Will you show me…?
Have you got any…?
It’s a bit too large (small, plain. gaudy etc.) for me.
That’s fine. I’ll take it.
That’s too expensive, I’m afraid.
What color do you want?
What size do you want?
Do you have any other kind?
I’d like…/I want…
问路和应答
Excuse me. Where’s …? / Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to…? / How can I get to…?
Go down this street.
Turn right at the first crossing.
Turn left at the second crossing.
It’s about…metres from here.
It’s only a ten-minute walk from here.
Go straight ahead till you see…
就餐
What would you like (to have)? /Would you like something to eat? / Would you like something to drink?
I’d like…
Would you like some more?
Make yourself at home.
It’s nice/ delicious/ unusual.
Help yourself to…
Just a little, please.
I’m full, thank you. /No more, thank you. /No, thank you. / No, I enjoyed it very much, but I won’t have any more.
Do you take salt, or pepper?
看病
医生用语:
What’s wrong with you? /What’s the matter with you? /What’s your trouble?
Is there anything wrong with you?
Let me examine you.
Does it hurt here?
Take it easy. It’s nothing serious.
You’d better have a good rest.
Take this medicine three times a day.
I advise you to give up smoking and not to drink too much.
You’ll have to have an X-ray/CT examination.
You’ll have to have chemical examination.
You need have an injection.
You’ll be well/ all right soon.
病人用语:
I have got a pain here. This place hurts.
There is something wrong with my back/ leg/ arm.
I’ve got a cough/ headache/ toothache/ stomachache/ fever.
I feel bad/ terrible/ sick today.
I don’t feel well/ all right today.
Do I have to stay in hospital?
谈论天气
What’s the weather like today?
How is the weather in…?
What’s the weather going to be like at the weekend?
It’s fine. /It’s cloudy. /It’s windy. / It’s rainy.
It’s rather warm today, isn’t it?
语言困难
Pardon? / Please say that again. /Would you please say that again? 请你再说一遍好吗?
Would you please say that more slowly? / Please say that more slowly.
What do you mean by…?
I’m sorry I can’t follow you.
I’m sorry I know only a little English.
祝酒用语
Let’s drink to… /I now propose a toast to… /I’d like to propose a toast to… /cheers