一、“短文改错”题中的常见错误类型
(一) 名词方面的错误
名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用，可数名词与不可数名词的错误，名词所有格中“’s”的误置等。例如:
1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not
for guests.
2. In summer, the sea under
the blue skies is even more beautiful.
3. ... you’ve been settled
down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life.
4. ... but she marked
strictly on student’s actual performance ...
Key: 1. ideas→idea 2. skies→sky 3. ways→way 4. student’s→students’
(二) 动词方面的错误
动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误；动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。例如:
1. The air keeps the
balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ...
2. I just want to thank you
for helping me becoming a different person.
3. How about join us? The
camp is at the foot of a small hill.
4. I’ll send my friend
Charlie meet you at the airport.
Key: 1. keeps→keeping 2. becoming→become 3. join→joining 4. meet→to meet
(三) 形容词、副词方面的错误
这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词，误用副词修饰名词，误用形容词修饰动词，误用形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等，特别注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”。例如:
1. They came back lately
and had some tea.
2.... you always gave me
specially attention ...
3. ... they fly down
immediate and catch them without delay.
4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in
your country is quite different from ...
5. I know you are
particular interested in Human Rights.
6. Last year, my English teacher
proved to be the more popular in our school.
Key: 1. lately→late
2. specially→special
3. immediate→immediately
4. clearly→clear
5. particular→particularly 6. more→most

(七) 冠词方面的错误
这类错误多指a(n)与the的误用，a与an的误用。有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词，不该用冠词的地方多了冠词。例如:
1. An American and a Frenchman decided to
cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784.
2.... the popular teacher
is at same time the one who should be strict with ...
3. And if he breaks the law
of society ..., he may go to the prison.
4.... so we will have
plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.
Key: 1. the balloon→a balloon 2. same前面加the 3. 去掉prison前面的the 4. 去掉fun前面的a
(八) 时态、语态方面的错误
这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态、主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时，应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律，注意把握诸个并列动词的时态、语态的呼应规律。例如:
1. We had guests last night
who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.
2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been
admitting to a college.
3. We hung a sign on the
front door that was read: “We’re having dinner ...”
4.... sometimes all that is
need is someone to rely on.
5. I’ll send my friend
Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.
Key: 1. have→had 2. admitting→admitted 3. 去掉was 4. need→needed 5. arrived→arrive
(九) 主谓一致方面的错误
这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词形式的错误。因此做题时，要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:
1. “I just want to know
what the sign say.”
2. Anyone can borrow books
if he or she wish.
3. Here are the information
about Manchester University.
4. What may surprise you
are that I’m going to ...
Key: 1. say→says 2. wish→wishes 3. are→is
4. are→is
(十) 短语、句型固定搭配错误
主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
1. My teacher advised me to
keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.
2. In my surprise, he did very well in his
previous job. To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3. I thought that was dull
to watch a game… 此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。