阅读提示
这是《洛阳名园记》一书的后记。
后记一般交代写作缘由和经过,很难有振聋发聩之语。而本文论证从洛阳的盛衰可以看出国家的治乱,洛阳园林的兴废可以看出洛阳的盛衰。一句话,洛阳园林是国家治乱兴衰的晴雨表,指出《洛阳名园记》不是白白写的,对朝廷的腐败提出了强烈的忠告,表现了作者对衰微的国势的清醒认识和深刻忧虑,简直是在敲警钟!作者是借唐讽宋,用意十分清楚。“唐之末路是矣”不就是一种警示吗?“旁观者清,当局者迷”,宋朝统治者当然不会理会一个进士的批评和忠告,衰微的国势已难以逆转。过了不久,北宋覆灭,洛阳沦陷,繁丽多姿的众多洛阳名园顿然变成废墟。
阅读指导
文言中有一种修辞现象——以偏代正,即在偏正结构中,“正”(中心词)不出现,用“偏”(定语或其他修饰语)来代替。如:继以五季之酷。“酷”,实际上是“残酷的战争”的省略。“残酷的战争”是偏正结构。“残酷的”是“偏”,“战争”是“正”。以偏代正的现象,常常是以形容词代名词的特点出现。如“越国以鄙远”。(“远”指“遥远的国家”,见《烛之武退秦师》)
名言
1 洛阳之盛衰,天下治乱之候也。
2 园圃之废兴,洛阳盛衰之候也。
1.解释下列句中加点词语的含义。(4分)
(1)有事则洛阳必先受兵。 兵: 战争
(2)洛阳之盛衰,天下治乱之候也。 候: 征兆
(3)号千有余邸。 号:号称
(4)而忘天下之治忽。 治:治理
2.下列对文章理解不正确的一项是( C )(3分)
A.文章开篇即点明洛阳地理形势的重要性,道出洛阳的繁荣与衰落是天下安定与战乱征兆的道理,并用唐和五代的事实加以论说。
B.作者认为从洛阳的盛衰可以看出国家的治乱,而洛阳的盛衰则又可从洛阳园林的兴废可以看出。
C.作者行文中感叹记述洛阳名园是徒劳无益,因为自唐、五代以来,名同大都“废而为丘墟”、“化而为灰烬”了。
D.作者从公卿大夫们纵情同林的享乐生活中,预见到统治阶级必将没落的命运,结尾的感叹意味深长。
3.把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(6分)
(洛阳处天下之中,挟崤、黾之阻,当秦、陇之襟喉,而赵、魏之走集,盖四方必争之地也。
(2)且天下之治乱,候于洛阳之盛衰而知;洛阳之盛衰,候于园囿之兴废而得。
4.结合文章论述的内容,简要说说本文在表达上有什么特点?(5分)
答案:文章行文简洁、论事精辟.(1分)采用由小见大逐层推理的方法,论述了由洛阳名同的兴废看到洛阳全城的盛衰,又从洛阳的盛衰看到天下的治乱的观点。(2分)结尾处卒章显志,亮出真正的写作意图:提醒公卿大夫不能纵情园林过享乐生活。(2分)
How to Make Magic Eye Illusions (By Alice Godfrey, eHow Contributor)
A Magic Eye illusion(幻觉) takes what appears to be a normal picture and displays a hidden 3D image when the eyes focus on it from a few inches away. A 3D modeling graphic(图表的) computer software program will be needed and can be purchased(购买) from a computer store or from a computer company online. A stereogram-creating website service, free to use, will also be needed. While not a necessity, some art school training or self-taught(自学的) art ability will be of aid in making the magic eye illusion.
Things You'll Need: 3D modeling graphic computer software program
Color printer
Printing paper
Instructions
Prepare 3D Model Image
1.Launch the 3D modeling graphic program by selecting it from the “All Applications” menu, after having clicked “Start.” Click the “File” tab at the top of the program and select “Open file.” Navigate(驾驶) in the window that appears to the 3D art folder that is included with the program. Select the “Box” graphic from inside the folder and click the “Open” button at the bottom of the window.
2.Click the “Tools” or “Advanced” tab at the top of the program, depending on how the developers designed it. Select the “Color” option from the drop-down menu. Select “Gray” from the choices presented. Click the “OK” button at the bottom of the window to fill in the 3D box graphic with shades of gray.
3.Click the "File" tab and select "Save as" from the drop-down menu. Name the file "Example" in the text field at the top of the window. Select "Desktop" from the drop down menu in the middle of the window. Click the "Save" button at the bottom of the window. Quit(离开) the program.
Assemble(集合) Stereogram(立体图) Illusion
4.Launch the default web browser by selecting it from the "All Applications" menu, after having clicked on "Start." Go to a stereogram building website, for example, the Easy Stereogram Builder website (see Resources).