Here is my theory about the link between the storm and Chloe's fate. Of course, I’m open to hear any argument against it =). So take a cup of tea (or coffee), grab your reading glasses !
I think it comes down to the "basics" of the Butterfly Effect. Remember the blue butterfly in the bathroom when Max saves Chloe? It’s this little fella who is at the center of everything.
Going to Wikipedia, this is what we find on the Butterfly effect:
In chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state. The name of the effect, coined by Edward Lorenz, is derived from the metaphorical example of the details of a hurricane (exact time of formation, exact path taken) being influenced by minor perturbations such as the flapping of the wings of a distant butterfly several weeks earlier.
[…]
The phrase refers to the idea that a butterfly's wings might create tiny changes in the atmospherethat may ultimately alter the path of a tornado or delay, accelerate or even prevent the occurrence of a tornado in another location . The butterfly does not power or directly create the tornado. The term is not intended to imply—as is often misconstrued—that the flap of the butterfly's wings causes the tornado. The flap of the wings is a part of the initial conditions; one set of conditions leads to a tornado while the other set of conditions doesn't. The flapping wing represents a small change in the initial condition of the system, which cascades to large-scale alterations of events (compare: domino effect). Had the butterfly not flapped its wings, the trajectory of the system might have been vastly different—it's possible that the set of conditions without the butterfly flapping its wings is the set that leads to a tornado.
Please note already that the butterfly’s wing flap can cause or prevent a tornado
In my opinion, by using the fire alarm to save Chloe, Max disturbed the butterfly (whether by drowning it, make it fly away, or act in a way that would have been differently if Max didn’t trigger the fire alarm). By doing this, the butterfly flapped its wing differently, thus preventing the butterfly to avoid the tornado from happening (or making the butterfly to cause the tornado: but I don’t agree with that role of the butterfly. For me, the butterfly wing flap in the reality where Chloe is shot was meant to avoid the tornado, which would have occurred in any other realities where Max acts to try to save Chloe, see my "sub-theories" below). So in other words, the storm is created by that key moment at the beginning of the game, not the fact that Max keeps changing other elements of the past.
I’m backing this idea with two scenes of the game I remember.
1°) In worlds where Chloe is shot dead by Jefferson, the storm still exists: if Chloe’s death was the only condition for the storm not to happen, then a bullet in the head should have stopped the tornado. Which was not the case.
2°) In the alternate reality where Chloe’s dad is saved, the storm does not exist (correct me on that one if I’m wrong, but I don’t remember seeing any sign of storm, though we can find dead birds in the backyard of Chloe’s house). That is because Max changed an event before the bathroom scene, thus changing all the other parameters (including our little butterfly’s wing flap) that would have led to a storm.
3°) Not so importantly at the end of the game, if you chose to sacrifice Chloe, you see that blue butterfly on the coffin, which makes me believe that it had an important role in the game (remember that the blue butterfly is often appearing).
I've also been wondering about the fact that Max had a vision of the tornado before she saves Chloe. Here it’s an important point (of view) to differentiate two sub-theories (oh gosh it’s getting complicated, I hope you guys still follow me).
The first sub theory would be that by saving Chloe with the firealarm, Max led the butterfly to causethe tornado. Which would mean that if Max tried to save Chloe another way, the butterfly would have flapped its wing differently, and no storm would have occurred. Simply put: no alarm = no tornado (whether Chloe ends up dead or stays alive). But I don’t believe in it since Max had that vision of the tornado before saving Chloe, meaning that if Max wasn't in the bathroom where Chloe got shot, the tornado would have still happened. Which leads me to the second sub-theory.
Second sub-theory: the tornado was supposed to happen. Here, since Max had the vision of the tornado (before meeting Chloe), it means that this tornado was supposed to happen in any other circumstances where Max does not stay passive in the bathroom. The blue butterfly is our “hero”, the only element that can avoid the tornado from happening. By not doing anything in the bathroom and hide, Max let the blue butterfly flap its wing in a way that avoids the tornado to form itself.
Again, I believe in the second one, mainly because of Max’s vision of the storm which means, IMO, that the tornado was supposed to happen: it had all the elements to be created (or maybe was already created). The only way to avoid the tornado was thus to “force” the butterfly to flap its wings in the only way that could save Arcadia Bay from the storm, i.e. by doing nothing in the bathroom and let Chloe die.

结局虽然还是让我愤怒，但愤怒的主要还是结局本身。我肯定是要牺牲Chloe的，然而这件事让我很不高兴，因为这样一来这五天的经历对于Max来说就是一个残酷的幻梦破碎的故事，于是我很愤怒……代入感太强了，我完全就成了Max，既然你要让这个幻梦破碎那为啥要给我这个幻梦？
这是站在Max的角度上的愤怒，而不是我作为玩家的愤怒

按照他的理论，直接把厕所的蓝蝴蝶一巴掌拍死P事没有了，克洛伊照样救

终于看完了，就是说蝴蝶才是主角喽。max一开始就做错了，五天就是一场梦。果然还是所有时空穿越电影都在讲的一个道理：顺其自然才最好。

蝴蝶是Hero，同時也是Nightmare，真心覺得蝴蝶該死
本來在想說如果他插手Chloe和Nathan的談話有沒有可能得到雙贏局面，保全了小鎮，更救了Chloe一命

对于我这种不满结局的人来说，这个理论算是比什么都不解释好了一点，起码这是蝴蝶的祸，不是哪个神或者神秘力量对max的sick joke(我先让你体验一下和那个死人的生活是多么美好，然后叫你回到开头看着她死)时间旅行往往会有不可预知的结果，关键是有没有勇气(或者是值不值得)去接受它。

那么max的超能力又是从何而来呢？

Max这五天的收获就是知道了瑞秋是被老师和男森杀了，等于是断了个案

脑补过大。 。

要有第二季么⊙ω⊙

这文章的观点是，依据蝴蝶效应，只有蝴蝶在厕所正确的煽动了翅膀，才能扇灭了风暴，如果外来条件影响了正确的扇动方式（如拉响警报，淹死蝴蝶，就如假的铁扇公主的扇子，越扇越旺。

其实这个理论还是有缺陷的，max是先梦见风暴然后才经历改变Chloe死在厕所的命运(因)和小镇被风暴摧毁(果)。也就是说梦境已经默认max选择救Chloe，但这时max还没有做出决定

这他妈不就是要说把蝴蝶拍死么