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1. Inspectors had done an internalinspection on the drum approximately 48 hours earlier.
检验员早在48小时前对汽包做了内部检验。
inspector[ɪn'spektə] n检验员,巡视员internal[ɪn'tɜːn(ə)l]a 内在的,内部的inspection[ɪn'spekʃn]n 检查,检验 drum[drʌm]n汽包,鼓approximately [ə'prɒksɪmətlɪ]ad 大约地,大概地
2. The inspectors will be at the site andwill communicate and write site inspection report regularly.
检验员要在现场,要定期联系并写出现场检验报告。
at the site 在现场communicate [kə'mjuːnɪkeɪt]n交流,通讯,联系 site inspection 现场检查,现场检验inspection report 检验报告
3. We would consider the technicalspecifications, applicable codes and standards.
我们会考虑技术要求,适用规范和标准。
specification [,spesɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]n 规格,说明,说明书technical specification技术条件,技术说明,技术规格 applicable [ə'plɪkəb(ə)l; 'æplɪk-]a 可适用的,可应用的applicable code适用规范
4. Inspector should be conscientious andextremely careful in his observations, taking sufficient time to make theexamination thoroughly in every way, taking no statement as to conditions notobserved by him.
检验师应十分认真仔细地观察,要用足够的时间对各个环节都进行彻底检验,对非他亲自观察的情况,不要轻易下结论。
conscientious [,kɒnʃɪ'enʃəs]a 小心谨慎的in every way 各个方面 sufficient [sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt] 充分的,足够的as to 根据,至于
5. The inspector should make an observationof the condition of the complete installation, including attention given to it,as a guide in forming an opinion of the care theequipment receives.
检验员对整个设备安装情况要仔细观察,做到心中有数。
observation [ɒbzə'veɪʃ(ə)n]n 观察 installation [ɪnstə'leɪʃ(ə)n]n 安装
6. There is adequate ventilation inside theobject and is free of harmful vapors.
设备内要通风良好,不应存在有害气体。
adequate [ˈædɪkwɪt] 充足的ventilation [,ventɪ'leɪʃ(ə)n] 空气流通 vapor [ˈveɪpə(r)] 蒸汽,烟雾
7. Leakage coming from behind insulation,coverings, supports or settings, or evidence of such leakage should bethoroughly investigated and necessary corrective action initiated.
绝热材料、覆盖层、支承或底座后面的泄露,或有明显泄露迹象时应进行彻底地调查,并采取相应对策。
leakage ['liːkɪdʒ] n泄露insulation [ɪnsjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n]n 绝热,绝缘 corrective [kə'rektɪv] a纠正的initiate [ɪ'nɪʃɪeit]v 使开始,发起
8. The inspector should note the pressureindicated on the pressure gage and compare it with the other gage on the samesystem or with a standard test gage, if necessary.
检验员应注意压力表上的压力并与同系统的其它压力表相比较,必要时可以标准压力表来检验。
indicate ['ɪndɪkeɪt] 表明,仪表的指示 gage [geɪdʒ] 计量器,压力计
9. The inspector should observe theblowdown of the water gage in its normal manner.
检验员应检查水位计正常情况下的放水情况。
blowdown 放水,排水 water gage 水位计
10. The promptness of the return of thewater in the gage should be noted.
要注意水位计放水完毕后要迅速复位。
promptness [prɒmptnɪs]n 迅速
11. During the test of the water levelgage, the water and steam connections should be blown separately to ensure bothare clear.
在试验水位计时,水连管和汽连管均应分别冲洗,以保证二者畅通无阻。
12. The inspector should make a carefulexamination of the piping to ensure there is provision for expansion andadequate support.
检验员要仔细检查管道,确保其自由膨胀和有可靠的支承。
provision[prə'vɪʒ(ə)n]n 提供,供给 expansion[ɪk'spænʃ(ə)n; ek-]n膨胀
13. Steam and water piping and fittingsshould be examined for evidence of leakage.
要检查蒸汽和水的管道及配件有无泄漏。
14. Evidence of excessive vibration shouldbe noted and corrective action taken.
要注意是否有过大的振动,如发现应立即采取措施。
Excessive[ɪk'sesɪv; ek-]a 过多的 Vibration[vaɪ'breɪʃ(ə)n] n 振动
15. Manhole and handhole plates, washoutplugs, as well as inspection plugs in water column connections shall be removedas required by inspector.
按检验员要求,将人孔盖,手孔盖、清洗堵头以及水体中连接管的检查堵头打开。
manhole plate 人孔盖handhole plate 手孔盖 washout plug清洗堵头water column 水体,水柱
16. The boiler shall be cooled andthoroughly cleaned.
锅炉必须冷却并要彻底清扫干净。
17. When a portable extension light is usedin a confined space, it shall not be operated at more than 12 volts.
当在封闭空间使用行灯时,其电压不得超过12V。
portable['pɔrtəbl]a 便携式的 confine[kən'faɪn]v 限制,禁闭
18. Oil or scale in the tubes of watertubeboilers or on plates over the fire of any boiler is particularly detrimentalsince this can cause an insulating effect resulting in the overheating,weakening and possible metal failure by bulging or rupture.
在水管锅炉的管子或其它锅炉受热管板上,存在油或水垢是特别有害的。因为其隔热作用会使金属过热,强度减弱,最后可能因为鼓包或爆管导致材料失效。
scale [skeɪl]n 水垢watertube boiler 水管锅炉bulge [bʌldʒ]v 使膨胀,使凸起 detrimental [,detrɪ'ment(ə)l]a 有害的,不利的insulate ['ɪnsjʊleɪt]v 使隔热,使绝缘rupture ['rʌptʃə]v 使破裂,使爆裂
19. A bulge on a plate, if not extensive,may be driven back into place, otherwise the affected area should be patched.
钢板鼓胀面积不大时,可以顶回去,否则鼓胀部分应进行贴补。
extensive [ɪk'stensɪv; ek-]a 大量的,广泛的drive back 返回,顶回 patch [pætʃ]v 修补,打补丁
20. The most common causes of corrosion inboilers are the presence of free oxygen and dissolved salts.
锅炉腐蚀最主要的原因是由于游离氧和溶解盐造成的。
corrosion [kə'rəʊʒ(ə)n]n 腐蚀free oxygen 游离氧 dissolve [dɪ'zɒlv]v 使溶解,使分解dissolved salt 溶解盐
21. For the purpose of estimating theeffect of severe corrosion over large areas on the safe working pressure, thethickness of the remaining sound metal should be determined by the use ofultrasonic examination equipment or by drilling.
为了评估大而极严重腐蚀对安全工作压力的影响,应用超声波测厚仪或钻孔来测定钢板的剩余厚度。
remaining [rɪ'meɪnɪŋ]a 剩下的,剩余的ultrasonic [ʌltrə'sɒnɪk]n超声波 sound metal 优质金属,完好金属
22. Grooving is a form of metaldeterioration caused by localized corrosion and may be accelerated by stressconcentration.
起槽是由于局部腐蚀所造成的一种金属劣化,并可能因应力集中而加剧。
grooving [grʊvɪŋ]n 切槽,槽deterioration [dɪ,tɪərɪə'reɪʃn]n 恶化,退化 localized ['lokə'laɪzd]a 局部的,小范围的stress concentration 应力集中
23. The inspector should use a mirrorinserted through an inspection opening in order to examine as much area aspossible.
检验员应把镜子伸进检查孔里,以便尽量增大检查的面积。
inspection opening 检查口,检查孔
24. In vertical firetube boiler excessivecorrosion and pitting is often noted at and above the water level.
立式火管锅炉的大面积腐蚀和点蚀大多发生在水位线附近和水位线上面。
pitting ['pɪtɪŋ]n 凹陷,表面点蚀 pitting ['pɪtɪŋ]n 凹陷,表面点蚀
25. Tubes may become thin by erosionproduced by the impingement of particles of fuel and ash where high velocityexists, or by the improper installation or use of soot blowers.
在有高速气流的区域,由于燃料和飞灰的冲刷,或由于吹灰器的安装和使用不当,都会造成管子的磨损减薄。
impingement [ɪm'pɪndʒmənt]n 冲击,撞击soot [sʊt]n 煤烟,烟灰 velocity [vəˈlɒsəti]n 速度,速率blower ['bləʊə]n 鼓风机,吹风机
26. In restricted fireside spaces such aswhere short tubes or nipples are used to join drums or headers, there is atendency for fuel and ash to lodge at junction points.
在火侧狭窄的空间里,如果用来连接锅筒和集箱的短管或接头的地方,燃料和飞灰很容易积存。
restricted [rɪ'strɪktɪd]a 受限制的,有限的header 集管,集箱tendency['tend(ə)nsɪ]n 倾向,趋向 nipple ['nɪp(ə)l]n 接头,乳头,奶嘴lodge [lɒdʒ]v 寄宿,卡住,积存junction['dʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n]n 连接,接合
27. To avoid water hammer, the location ofthe various stop and drain valves should be such that water will not accumulatewhen the valves are closed.
为了防止水锤现象,各种截止阀和疏水阀的布置应保证在阀门关闭时,管道不积水。
water hammer 水锤stop valve 截止阀 drain valve 排水阀,疏水阀accumulate [ə'kjuːmjʊleɪt]v 累积,积聚
28. Expansion and contraction due to rapidchanges in temperature and possible water hammer may cause excessive strainupon the entire blowoff system
由于温度骤变所产生的膨胀和收缩,以及可以发生的水锤子现象会使整个排污系统产生过大的应变。
expansion [ɪk'spænʃ(ə)n; ek-]n 膨胀,扩张blowoff 喷出,排放 contraction[kən'trækʃ(ə)n]n 收缩,紧缩
29. The steam pipe should drain toward thewater column.
蒸汽连接管顺向水位计疏水。
drain [dreɪn]v 排水 column ['kɒləm]n 柱,圆柱,柱头物
30. The water connection to the watercolumn must drain toward the boiler.
水位计的水连管由水位计向锅筒疏水。
1. Inspectors had done an internalinspection on the drum approximately 48 hours earlier.
检验员早在48小时前对汽包做了内部检验。
inspector[ɪn'spektə] n检验员,巡视员internal[ɪn'tɜːn(ə)l]a 内在的,内部的inspection[ɪn'spekʃn]n 检查,检验 drum[drʌm]n汽包,鼓approximately [ə'prɒksɪmətlɪ]ad 大约地,大概地
2. The inspectors will be at the site andwill communicate and write site inspection report regularly.
检验员要在现场,要定期联系并写出现场检验报告。
at the site 在现场communicate [kə'mjuːnɪkeɪt]n交流,通讯,联系 site inspection 现场检查,现场检验inspection report 检验报告
3. We would consider the technicalspecifications, applicable codes and standards.
我们会考虑技术要求,适用规范和标准。
specification [,spesɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]n 规格,说明,说明书technical specification技术条件,技术说明,技术规格 applicable [ə'plɪkəb(ə)l; 'æplɪk-]a 可适用的,可应用的applicable code适用规范
4. Inspector should be conscientious andextremely careful in his observations, taking sufficient time to make theexamination thoroughly in every way, taking no statement as to conditions notobserved by him.
检验师应十分认真仔细地观察,要用足够的时间对各个环节都进行彻底检验,对非他亲自观察的情况,不要轻易下结论。
conscientious [,kɒnʃɪ'enʃəs]a 小心谨慎的in every way 各个方面 sufficient [sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt] 充分的,足够的as to 根据,至于
5. The inspector should make an observationof the condition of the complete installation, including attention given to it,as a guide in forming an opinion of the care theequipment receives.
检验员对整个设备安装情况要仔细观察,做到心中有数。
observation [ɒbzə'veɪʃ(ə)n]n 观察 installation [ɪnstə'leɪʃ(ə)n]n 安装
6. There is adequate ventilation inside theobject and is free of harmful vapors.
设备内要通风良好,不应存在有害气体。
adequate [ˈædɪkwɪt] 充足的ventilation [,ventɪ'leɪʃ(ə)n] 空气流通 vapor [ˈveɪpə(r)] 蒸汽,烟雾
7. Leakage coming from behind insulation,coverings, supports or settings, or evidence of such leakage should bethoroughly investigated and necessary corrective action initiated.
绝热材料、覆盖层、支承或底座后面的泄露,或有明显泄露迹象时应进行彻底地调查,并采取相应对策。
leakage ['liːkɪdʒ] n泄露insulation [ɪnsjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n]n 绝热,绝缘 corrective [kə'rektɪv] a纠正的initiate [ɪ'nɪʃɪeit]v 使开始,发起
8. The inspector should note the pressureindicated on the pressure gage and compare it with the other gage on the samesystem or with a standard test gage, if necessary.
检验员应注意压力表上的压力并与同系统的其它压力表相比较,必要时可以标准压力表来检验。
indicate ['ɪndɪkeɪt] 表明,仪表的指示 gage [geɪdʒ] 计量器,压力计
9. The inspector should observe theblowdown of the water gage in its normal manner.
检验员应检查水位计正常情况下的放水情况。
blowdown 放水,排水 water gage 水位计
10. The promptness of the return of thewater in the gage should be noted.
要注意水位计放水完毕后要迅速复位。
promptness [prɒmptnɪs]n 迅速
11. During the test of the water levelgage, the water and steam connections should be blown separately to ensure bothare clear.
在试验水位计时,水连管和汽连管均应分别冲洗,以保证二者畅通无阻。
12. The inspector should make a carefulexamination of the piping to ensure there is provision for expansion andadequate support.
检验员要仔细检查管道,确保其自由膨胀和有可靠的支承。
provision[prə'vɪʒ(ə)n]n 提供,供给 expansion[ɪk'spænʃ(ə)n; ek-]n膨胀
13. Steam and water piping and fittingsshould be examined for evidence of leakage.
要检查蒸汽和水的管道及配件有无泄漏。
14. Evidence of excessive vibration shouldbe noted and corrective action taken.
要注意是否有过大的振动,如发现应立即采取措施。
Excessive[ɪk'sesɪv; ek-]a 过多的 Vibration[vaɪ'breɪʃ(ə)n] n 振动
15. Manhole and handhole plates, washoutplugs, as well as inspection plugs in water column connections shall be removedas required by inspector.
按检验员要求,将人孔盖,手孔盖、清洗堵头以及水体中连接管的检查堵头打开。
manhole plate 人孔盖handhole plate 手孔盖 washout plug清洗堵头water column 水体,水柱
16. The boiler shall be cooled andthoroughly cleaned.
锅炉必须冷却并要彻底清扫干净。
17. When a portable extension light is usedin a confined space, it shall not be operated at more than 12 volts.
当在封闭空间使用行灯时,其电压不得超过12V。
portable['pɔrtəbl]a 便携式的 confine[kən'faɪn]v 限制,禁闭
18. Oil or scale in the tubes of watertubeboilers or on plates over the fire of any boiler is particularly detrimentalsince this can cause an insulating effect resulting in the overheating,weakening and possible metal failure by bulging or rupture.
在水管锅炉的管子或其它锅炉受热管板上,存在油或水垢是特别有害的。因为其隔热作用会使金属过热,强度减弱,最后可能因为鼓包或爆管导致材料失效。
scale [skeɪl]n 水垢watertube boiler 水管锅炉bulge [bʌldʒ]v 使膨胀,使凸起 detrimental [,detrɪ'ment(ə)l]a 有害的,不利的insulate ['ɪnsjʊleɪt]v 使隔热,使绝缘rupture ['rʌptʃə]v 使破裂,使爆裂
19. A bulge on a plate, if not extensive,may be driven back into place, otherwise the affected area should be patched.
钢板鼓胀面积不大时,可以顶回去,否则鼓胀部分应进行贴补。
extensive [ɪk'stensɪv; ek-]a 大量的,广泛的drive back 返回,顶回 patch [pætʃ]v 修补,打补丁
20. The most common causes of corrosion inboilers are the presence of free oxygen and dissolved salts.
锅炉腐蚀最主要的原因是由于游离氧和溶解盐造成的。
corrosion [kə'rəʊʒ(ə)n]n 腐蚀free oxygen 游离氧 dissolve [dɪ'zɒlv]v 使溶解,使分解dissolved salt 溶解盐
21. For the purpose of estimating theeffect of severe corrosion over large areas on the safe working pressure, thethickness of the remaining sound metal should be determined by the use ofultrasonic examination equipment or by drilling.
为了评估大而极严重腐蚀对安全工作压力的影响,应用超声波测厚仪或钻孔来测定钢板的剩余厚度。
remaining [rɪ'meɪnɪŋ]a 剩下的,剩余的ultrasonic [ʌltrə'sɒnɪk]n超声波 sound metal 优质金属,完好金属
22. Grooving is a form of metaldeterioration caused by localized corrosion and may be accelerated by stressconcentration.
起槽是由于局部腐蚀所造成的一种金属劣化,并可能因应力集中而加剧。
grooving [grʊvɪŋ]n 切槽,槽deterioration [dɪ,tɪərɪə'reɪʃn]n 恶化,退化 localized ['lokə'laɪzd]a 局部的,小范围的stress concentration 应力集中
23. The inspector should use a mirrorinserted through an inspection opening in order to examine as much area aspossible.
检验员应把镜子伸进检查孔里,以便尽量增大检查的面积。
inspection opening 检查口,检查孔
24. In vertical firetube boiler excessivecorrosion and pitting is often noted at and above the water level.
立式火管锅炉的大面积腐蚀和点蚀大多发生在水位线附近和水位线上面。
pitting ['pɪtɪŋ]n 凹陷,表面点蚀 pitting ['pɪtɪŋ]n 凹陷,表面点蚀
25. Tubes may become thin by erosionproduced by the impingement of particles of fuel and ash where high velocityexists, or by the improper installation or use of soot blowers.
在有高速气流的区域,由于燃料和飞灰的冲刷,或由于吹灰器的安装和使用不当,都会造成管子的磨损减薄。
impingement [ɪm'pɪndʒmənt]n 冲击,撞击soot [sʊt]n 煤烟,烟灰 velocity [vəˈlɒsəti]n 速度,速率blower ['bləʊə]n 鼓风机,吹风机
26. In restricted fireside spaces such aswhere short tubes or nipples are used to join drums or headers, there is atendency for fuel and ash to lodge at junction points.
在火侧狭窄的空间里,如果用来连接锅筒和集箱的短管或接头的地方,燃料和飞灰很容易积存。
restricted [rɪ'strɪktɪd]a 受限制的,有限的header 集管,集箱tendency['tend(ə)nsɪ]n 倾向,趋向 nipple ['nɪp(ə)l]n 接头,乳头,奶嘴lodge [lɒdʒ]v 寄宿,卡住,积存junction['dʒʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n]n 连接,接合
27. To avoid water hammer, the location ofthe various stop and drain valves should be such that water will not accumulatewhen the valves are closed.
为了防止水锤现象,各种截止阀和疏水阀的布置应保证在阀门关闭时,管道不积水。
water hammer 水锤stop valve 截止阀 drain valve 排水阀,疏水阀accumulate [ə'kjuːmjʊleɪt]v 累积,积聚
28. Expansion and contraction due to rapidchanges in temperature and possible water hammer may cause excessive strainupon the entire blowoff system
由于温度骤变所产生的膨胀和收缩,以及可以发生的水锤子现象会使整个排污系统产生过大的应变。
expansion [ɪk'spænʃ(ə)n; ek-]n 膨胀,扩张blowoff 喷出,排放 contraction[kən'trækʃ(ə)n]n 收缩,紧缩
29. The steam pipe should drain toward thewater column.
蒸汽连接管顺向水位计疏水。
drain [dreɪn]v 排水 column ['kɒləm]n 柱,圆柱,柱头物
30. The water connection to the watercolumn must drain toward the boiler.
水位计的水连管由水位计向锅筒疏水。