巨骨舌鱼
Arapaima gigas
很长时间内,该属都被认为仅有一种。
【来自世界鱼库,重新翻译】
(分布地区)南美洲:亚马逊河流域。 国际贸易限制。(CITES II,自1.7.75)对这种鱼的主动捕捞已经减少了种群规模和大个体的发现,尤其在亚马逊人口密集地区。(参考文献50891)
(原文)South America: Amazon River basin. International trade restricted (CITES II, since 1.7.75). The active fishing of this fish has reduced both the population size, and occurrence of large individuals, especially around the populated regions of the Amazon (Ref. 50891).
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通常被称为是最大的淡水鱼。在砂质底部上建造一个约15厘米深,50个厘米宽的巢。 产卵在四月与五月而且保卫卵与幼鱼。必要时呼吸空气的鱼类。鱼浮上水面并且用一种嘈杂而且独特的吞咽(方式)来鼓动空气,这被报告说可以长距离传送。(Ref. 50891) 由于过度捕捞而受威胁。(Ref. 58490)
(原文)Often referred to as the largest freshwater fish. Builds a nest of about 15 cm depth and 50 cm width in sandy bottoms. Spawns in April and May and guards the eggs and the young. Obligate air breather. The fish rises to the surface of the water and inspires air in a noisy, distinctive gulp, which is reported to carry for long distances (Ref. 50891). Threatened due to over harvesting (Ref. 58490).
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【来自维基百科】
它的当地名字pirarucu,源于土语“pira”,意为“鱼”,和“urucum”,意为“红色”。
(原文)Its local name, pirarucu, derives from the indigenous words for "pira" meaning "fish" and "urucum" meaning "red".
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这种鱼能够在溶解氧低至0.5ppm的恶性湖泊中生存。
(原文)This fish is able to survive in oxbow lakes with dissolved oxygen as low as 0.5 ppm.
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在亚马逊河中经常发现在缺氧水中的优势。
(原文)An advantage in oxygen-deprived water that is often found in the Amazon River.
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在枯水季节,它们是湖泊中的顶级捕食者,这时湖泊与河流隔离,溶氧水平下降,使得它的猎物昏迷和脆弱 。
(原文)It is the top predator in such lakes during the low water season, when the lakes are isolated from the rivers and oxygen levels drop, rendering its prey lethargic and vulnerable.
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这种鱼(可以)呼吸空气,使用其迷宫器官(呼吸空气),其富含血管并通向鱼的嘴。
(原文)The fish is an air-breather, using its labyrinth organ, which is rich in blood vessels and opens into the fish's mouth
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巨骨舌鱼在它们被限制或周围环境被干扰时很可能跳出水面。
(原文)Arapaimas may leap out of the water if they feel constrained by their environment or harassed.
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雄性巨骨舌鱼是口孵的,就像它的家族,骨舌鱼科那样,也就是说幼鱼被在它的嘴里保护了。
(原文)The arapaima male is a mouthbrooder, like his relative, the Osteoglossum, meaning the young are protected in his mouth until they are older.
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在他的书“耳语土地”中,自然学家杰拉德·杜雷尔报告说,在阿根廷,雌性巨骨舌鱼被发现从头部腺体中分泌白色物质,它们的幼鱼似乎以这种物质为食。
(原文)
In his book The Whispering Land, naturalist Gerald Durrell reported that in Argentina, female arapaima had been seen secreting a white substance from a gland in the head and that their young were seemingly feeding on the substance.
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【图片来自维基百科】
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【图片来自世界鱼库】
(下图为被巨獭捕食的巨骨舌鱼)
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【图片来自必应】