1.whom 针对宾语提问,例句:The girl to whom I gave the pen is my sister.把句子变为正常语序为(原句):I gave my pen to the girl.She 's my sister.这里the sister 是我把钢笔给的对象,就是宾语,所以用whom提问,作为谓语的对象,作为宾语,所以要加to.2.who 针对主语提问,例句:The girl who give me the pen is my sister.把句子变为陈述语序(原句):The girl gave me the pen .She's my sister.这里给我钢笔的The girl是主语,针对主语提问所以用who.3.which 主要引导定语从句,定语是做修饰成分的,功能是限定成分.例如:The pen which is green is mine.这里which 引导的is green是对钢笔颜色的修饰,所以用which.4.where主要引导地点状语从句.例句:I stand at the square where there's a tree.这里where引导的是状语从句用来限定地点名词.