维特根施坦的博士导师,英国数学家,哲学家,诺贝尔文学奖获得者伯特兰·罗素,在其名著《TheHistory of Western Philosophy》第31章中谈道:
但是,仍然存在着广阔的领域,在传统上属于哲学领域,但只以科学方法来研究是不够的。该领域包括最终的价值问题,例如,仅仅用科学不能证明残酷行为是不好的。可以通过科学手段知道的科学的一切;但是,探讨什么事情在感觉上是合理的,却不在科学研究的管辖范围之内。
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There remains, however, avast field, traditionally included in philosophy, where scientific
methods are inadequate.This field includes ultimate questionsof value; science alone, for
example, cannot provethat it is bad to enjoy the infliction of cruelty. Whatever can be known,can be known by means of science; butthings which are legitimately matters of feeling lie outside its province.