【技术分享】nginx的set指令

set 指令
set 指令是用于定义一个变量，并且赋值
应用环境:
server,location,if
应用示例
例8：
#http://alice.testpm.com ==> http://www.testpm.com/alice
#http://jack.testpm.com ==> http://www.testpm.com/jack
[root@nginx-server conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@nginx-server html]# mkdir jack alice
[root@nginx-server html]# echo "jack.." >> jack/index.html
[root@nginx-server html]# echo "alice.." >> alice/index.html
a. DNS实现泛解析
* IN A 网站IP
或者本地解析域名host文件
10.0.105.202 http://www.testpm.com
10.0.105.202 alice.testpm.com
10.0.105.202 jack.testpm.com
编辑配置文件:
server {
listen 80;
server_name http://www.testpm.com;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
if ( $host ~* ^http://www.testpm.com$) {
break;
}
if ( $host ~* "^(.*)\.testpm\.com$" ) {
set $user $1;
rewrite .* http://www.testpm.com/$user permanent;
}
}
location /jack {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.hml;
}
location /alice {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.hml;
}
}
2.5、return 指令
return 指令用于返回状态码给客户端
server,location,if
应用示例:
例9：如果访问的.sh结尾的文件则返回403操作拒绝错误
server {
listen 80;
server_name http://www.testpm.cn;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/http_access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ~* \.sh$ {
return 403;
}
}
例10：80 ======> 443 ：80转443端口
server {
listen 80;
server_name http://www.testpm.cn;
access_log /var/log/nginx/http_access.log main;
return 301 https://www.testpm.cn$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name http://www.testpm.cn;
access_log /var/log/nginx/https_access.log main;
#ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/2447549_http://www.testpm.cn.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/2447549_http://www.testpm.cn.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@nginx-server ~]# curl -I http://www.testpm.cn
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.16.0
Date: Wed, 03 Jul 2019 13:52:30 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive
Location: https://www.testpm.cn/
3、last,break详解
[root@localhost test]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/last_break.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
access_log /var/log/nginx/last.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /break/ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
rewrite .* /test/break.html break;
}
location /last/ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
rewrite .* /test/last.html last;
}
location /test/ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
rewrite .* /test/test.html break;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# mkdir test
[root@localhost html]# echo "last" > test/last.html
[root@localhost html]# echo "break" > test/break.html
[root@localhost html]# echo "test" > test/test.html
http://10.0.105.196/break/break.html
http://10.0.105.196/last/last.html
注意：
last 标记在本条 rewrite 规则执行完后，会对其所在的 server { … } 标签重新发起请求;
break 标记则在本条规则匹配完成后，停止匹配，不再做后续的匹配；
使用 alias 指令时，必须使用 last；
使用 proxy_pass 指令时,则必须使用break。
4、Nginx 的 https ( rewrite )
server {
listen 80;
server_name *.vip9999.top vip9999.top;
if ($host ~* "^http://www.vip9999.top$|^vip9999.top$" ) {
return 301 https://www.vip9999.top$request_uri;
}
}
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name http://www.vip9999.top;
ssl_certificate cert/214025315060640.pem;
ssl_certificate_key cert/214025315060640.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
location ~ \.php$ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}