tenuous /ˈtɛnjʊəs/ TEM8
1.ADJ If you describe something such as a connection, a reason, or someone's position as tenuous, you mean that it is very uncertain or weak. 脆弱的
例：
He did not speculate on the future of his tenuous career.
他没有考虑到自己不稳定的职业前景。

frenzied /ˈfrɛnzɪd/ TEM8
1.ADJ Frenzied activities or actions are wild, excited, and uncontrolled. 疯狂的
例：
...the frenzied activity of the election.
…选举中的疯狂行为。

shovel /ˈʃʌvəl/ CET6+ TEM8 (shoveling,shoveled,shovels)
1.N-COUNT A shovel is a tool with a long handle that is used for lifting and moving earth, coal, or snow. 铲
例：
...a coal shovel.
…一把煤铲。
2.V-T If you shovel earth, coal, or snow, you lift and move it with a shovel. 用铲挖; 铲起
例：
He has to get out and shovel snow.
他不得不出去铲雪。
3.V-T If you shovel something somewhere, you push a lot of it quickly into that place. 把…大量送入
例：
There was silence, except for Randall, who was obliviously shovelling food into his mouth.
到处一片寂静，除了正在忘乎所以地把食物大口大口地塞进嘴里的兰德尔。

containment /kənˈteɪnmənt/ CET6+
1.N-UNCOUNT Containment is the action or policy of keeping another country's power or area of control within acceptable limits or boundaries. 遏制
2.N-UNCOUNT The containment of something dangerous or unpleasant is the act or process of keeping it under control within a particular area or place. 控制
例：
Fire crews are hoping they can achieve full containment of the fire before the winds pick up.
消防队员们希望他们能够在起风前对大火做到完全控制。

protocol /ˈprəʊtəˌkɒl/ CET6+ TEM8
1.N-VAR Protocol is a system of rules about the correct way to act in formal situations. 礼节
例：
He has become a stickler for the finer observances of Washington protocol.
他成了拘泥于华盛顿外交礼节的人。
2.N-COUNT A protocol is a set of rules for exchanging information between computers. (计算机间交换信息的) 协议
例：
...a computer protocol which could communicate across different languages.
…一个可以在不同的语言之间传递信息的计算机协议。
3.N-COUNT A protocol is a written record of a treaty or agreement that has been made by two or more countries. 议定书
例：
...the Montreal Protocol to phase out use and production of CFCs.
…逐步停止使用和生产含氯氟烃的《蒙特利尔议定书》。
4.N-COUNT A protocol is a plan for a course of medical treatment, or a plan for a scientific experiment. 医疗方案; 科学试验计划
例：
...the detoxification protocol.
…戒毒方案。

depiction /dɪˈpɪkʃən/
1.N-VAR A depiction of something is a picture or a written description of it. 描画; 描述

man
vt.
1.给…配备人员；供…以人员：
to man a ship
为船只配备船员
2.坚守岗位；在…上操作；担任职务，在…就位：
Man the guns!
(对炮手的口令)就位!
3.【航海学】为船的某部位配置水手
4.使增强勇气；鼓舞；鼓励：
They manned themselves for an ordeal.
他们振奋精神迎接考验。
5.使具有男子气概；使振作精神
6.驯鹰

evacuate [i'vækjueit]
vt.
1.使空出，撤空，搬空(…的东西)，腾空，腾出(房子等)：
The fort was evacuated.
碉堡被撤空了。
2.(尤指为安全原因，把人或物)撤出(危险地带、灾区等)，搬出；转移，疏散：
to evacuate the inhabitants of towns in the path of a flood
把洪道的城镇居民撤走
3.(尤指为安全原因)从(城市、城镇、建筑物、地区等)疏散(居民)：
to evacuate the embassy after a bomb threat
因一次爆炸的威胁，…撤出大使馆
4.【军事】
1.
(从战场、战区等)把(部队、伤病员、老百姓等)撤走，遣送，疏散(居民等)，撤离(战区等)：
to evacuate the sick and wounded from a combat area
把伤病员从战斗地区撤走
2.
(从被占领的城镇、碉堡、要塞等)撤退，撤走，转移：
The civilians were evacuated from the occupied city to farms.
把老百姓从被占城市疏散到了农场。
5.【生理学】排空(肠胃等)，排泄(粪便等)，排除，清除：
to evacuate the bowels
排便
6.使丧失，夺去，剥夺：
Fears evacuated her mind of reason.
恐惧使她失去了理智。
7.在…中产生真空，使成真空，抽出(空气)；使空，撤空：
to evacuate water from a pond
抽干池水
8.取消；废除；使无效
vi.
1.(有组织地)撤退，撤走，撤离(被包围的城镇或险区)；疏散；(因军事或其他威胁)避难：
The women and children evacuated when the enemy approached the city.
当敌军逼近该市时妇女和儿童们撤退了。
2.【生理学】排粪，大便；排尿，小便；排泄(体内废物)

preservative /prɪˈzɜːvətɪv/
1.N-MASS A preservative is a chemical that prevents things from decaying. Some preservatives are added to food, and others are used to treat wood or metal. 防腐剂
例：
Nitrates are used as preservatives in food processing.
硝酸盐在食品加工中被用作防腐剂。

saponify /səˈpɒnɪˌfaɪ/
1.V to undergo or cause to undergo a process in which a fat is converted into a soap by treatment with alkali 使皂化

elicit [i'lisit]
vt.
1.使发出；引起；得出，引出，推导出(真理等)：
to elicit the truth
推导出真理(或：探得真情)
to elicit a response with a question
以问题引起反应
2.导致，诱出(回答)：
to elicit an angry reply
诱出愤怒的回答
3.使谈出，使透露，使吐露：
to elicit facts
使谈出事实
elicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ CET6 TEM8 (eliciting,elicited,elicits)
1.V-T If you elicit a response or a reaction, you do or say something that makes other people respond or react. 引起 (反应)
例：
Mr. Norris said he was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response.
诺里斯先生说他希望他的要求会引起积极的回应。
2.V-T If you elicit a piece of information, you get it by asking the right questions. 探得 (信息)
例：
My letters to her have elicited no response.
我写给她的信没有得到回应。

transcend /trænˈsɛnd/ CET6 TEM8(transcending,transcended,transcends)
1.V-T Something that transcends normal limits or boundaries goes beyond them, because it is more significant than them. 超越
例：
...issues like disaster relief that transcend party loyalty.
…诸如超越党派忠诚的灾后救济的问题。

governance /ˈɡʌvənəns/
1.N-UNCOUNT The governance of a country is the way in which it is governed. (国家的)统治方式; 管理方式
例：
...he will meet with officials from several countries to discuss ways to promote good governance.
...他将与诸国官员会面，讨论如何促进对国家的良性管理。
2.N-UNCOUNT The governance of a company or organization is the way in which it is managed. (公司、组织等的)管理方式
例：
...a dramatic move away from the traditional view of governance in education.
...与传统的教育管理理念大相径庭。

crouch /kraʊtʃ/ CET6+ TEM4(crouching,crouched,crouches)
1.V-I If you are crouching, your legs are bent under you so that you are close to the ground and leaning forward slightly. 蹲伏
例：
We were crouching in the bushes.
我们那时正蹲伏在灌木丛中。
I crouched on the ground.
我蹲伏在地上。
2.N-SING Crouch is also a noun. 蹲伏
例：
They walked in a crouch, each bent over close to the ground.
他们蹲伏着行走，一个个弯着腰快要贴着地面了。
3.PHRASAL VERB Crouch down means the same as . 蹲下
例：
He crouched down and reached under the mattress.
他蹲下来，把手伸到了床垫下面。

alleviate /əˈliːvɪˌeɪt/ CET6 TEM8(alleviating,alleviated,alleviates)
1.V-T If you alleviate pain, suffering, or an unpleasantcondition, you make it less intense or severe. 减轻 (不适)
例：
Nowadays, a great deal can be doneto alleviate back pain.
如今，很多方法可以被用来减轻背部疼痛。
2.N-UNCOUNT 减轻alleviation
例：
Their energies were focused on thealleviation of the refugees' misery.
他们把精力集中在了对难民苦难的减轻上。