硬骨舌鱼——取自【世界鱼库2016/10】的中文正式名
(澳洲硬骨舌鱼)
Scleropages leichardti
作为商品名一般叫做(澳洲)星点龙鱼
【来自世界鱼库,重新翻译,括号内字符为政委本人添加。】
(分布地区):大洋洲:澳大利亚昆士兰州中东部的菲茨罗伊河水系。被引进到昆士兰州东南部的一小部分地区。在印尼作为保护种,(但实际上)它并不会出现在那里,这很可能是对 Scleropages jardinii (乔氏硬骨舌鱼)的错误的鉴定。(Ref. 12217)
(原文)Oceania: Fitzroy River system of central-eastern Queensland, Australia. Introduced to a few other systems in southeastern Queensland. Protected in Indonesia, where it does not occur, probably as a misidentification ofScleropages jardinii (Ref. 12217).
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生活在死水和河流流动缓慢的部分。时常在水生植物的表面或附近被发现。(Ref. 39857, 44894) 对其他鱼类【译者注:fishes指不同种类的鱼,而一般的,鱼(同种),鱼肉属于不规则变化。即fish-fish。】表现出侵略性和领域性,对同种尤其如此。在野外捕获的成鱼身上经常发现由争斗产生的擦伤和伤口。(Ref.44894)捕食水生和陆生昆虫,鱼,青蛙和鳌虾。口孵。(Ref.39857, 44894)在湿季前,温度为20~23 ℃时繁殖。是一个著名的游钓【译者注:原文中为垂钓,但实际应该可以视作游钓(游钓:以旅游为依托,钓鱼为载体)】鱼种。(Ref. 44894)
(原文)Live in still waters and slow-flowing sections of streams. They are usually seen near the surface or near shore among aquatic vegetation (Ref. 39857, 44894). Territorial and aggressive towards other fishes, particularly conspecifics. Scratches and wounds resulting from fighting are frequently exhibited by adults captured in the wild (Ref. 44894). Feed on aquatic and terrestrial insects, fishes, frogs and crayfish. Mouthbrooders (Ref.39857, 44894). Breeding occurs prior to the wet season at temperatures between 20°C and 23°C. A renowned angling species (Ref. 44894).
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“产卵是通过直接交配。大约在产卵前几天,两性处于一种亲密无间(的状态),(并且)在水面活动。求爱活动包括紧密跟随、间歇性的出现成角度的游泳(头朝下),雄性轻推(雌性的)泄殖腔并且抬起(雌性)。在一个发情期内雄性个体至少可以参与两次交配。雄性会在初次交配后的几个星期内转向新的可以得到的雌性。在孵卵期间雌性将未孵化的卵或者幼鱼携带在一个显著呈现白色的下颌内(澳洲的龙鱼好像总是喜欢这么做,而金龙鱼等等较为常见的种类是雄性孵化)。并且对食物没有兴趣。在两个孵卵的雌性中偶见互相攻击的情况,在孵卵后期雌性不断地巡逻和检查浅岸区域。发育中的幼鱼被在破晓时暂时性的(从口中)释放和召回。(大概的过程是)雌性进入沿岸的浅水区,释放整窝幼鱼并且继续在平行于岸边的地方缓慢游泳。在成鱼短时间地巡游在池塘近岸时幼鱼保持游动在其头部周围。释放出的幼鱼被雌性密切监视。当雌性做出一个突然地扭结式运动后(即大幅度波浪式弯曲抖动身体)幼鱼回到它的嘴里。“(Ref. 39857).
(原文)"Spawning is by direct pairing. For several days prior to the estimated egg-laying time, the pairs were in continuous close company, swimming near the surface. Courting activities include close following, intermittent angled swimming (head down), vent nudging and lifting by the male. Individual males are capable of participating in at least two spawnings per season. A male will repair with a new available female within several weeks of an initial mating. Females carrying unhatched eggs or larvae in the mouth are distinguished by a conspicuous white chin during the incubation period. Incubating females spend more time at the surface, exhibit no aggression to other non-carrying individuals and show no interest in food. Occasionally two incubating females will briefly act aggressively towards each other. During the latter stages of incubation the females concerned continually circle and inspect shallow shore areas. Temporary release and recall of developing larvae occurs during daylight hours. The female comes into the littoral shallows, releases the full brood and continues swimming slowly parallel to the bank. Larvae maintain station around the head of the adult with individuals making brief excursions to the pond edge. The released juveniles are observed closely by the female. A sudden kinking movement of her body is followed by the rapid return of young to her mouth" (Ref. 39857).
【注:阅读世界鱼库的文章不需要太高的英语基础,建议初中以上学历者阅读以避免因翻译产生的歧义。】
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【图片来自世界鱼库】
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下图为幼鱼【注:龙鱼的幼鱼一开始挂着一个大大的卵黄囊,这已经是完全独立的个体了。】
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【图片来自必应】