评画时，使用类似单词做出 subjective judgments（主观的评价）。
Audio Player The painting had a profound impact on me. 这幅画对我有深刻的影响。
Audio Player I get a sense of despair and panic. 我感到了绝望和恐慌。
Audio Player It's just not to my taste. 那只是不合我的品味。
Audio Player It's far too busy. 太繁杂了。
Listen and record what you hear.
The perspective isn't supposed to be realistic.透视法不应该是写实的。
The circles and lines create a profound impact.这些圆圈和线条产生深刻的影响。
There are a large number of abstract shapes.有大量抽象的形状。
The various forms give it depth.各种各样的形状为它赋予了深度。

画作分析和解释
在分析一幅画时，使用类似表达介绍类似 line 或 color 等 objective elements 是如何组织的。
Audio Player The lines in the background move toward you directly. 背景中的线条直接朝你移动。
Audio Player Abstract circles combine to create a floral image – or perhaps an army of UFOs. 一个个抽象的圆圈组成花卉图案，或者是一大群不明飞行物。
使用类似表达分析不同元素之间彼此如何 complement（互补）。
Audio Player The reds blend with the pinks and browns. 红色与粉色和褐色融合在一起。
Audio Player The intense colors stand out against the deep black background. 鲜艳的色彩在深黑背景的映衬下格外醒目。
Audio Player The lines of the sky are a sharp contrast to the straight lines of the bridge. 天空的线条与那座桥的直线形成鲜明的对比。

当你在 interpret（解释）一幅画时，使用类似表达陈述你认为艺术家所试图表达的内容。
Audio Player Munch was expressing loneliness in a stressful world. Munch 表达了在一个充满压力的世界中的孤独。
Audio Player He's conveying chaos and emotional intensity. 他表达了混乱和强烈的情感。
Audio Player Klimt was trying to merge nature with decoration. Klimt 试图将自然和装饰融合。

Listen and record what you hear.
How about this tempera? The subject is red horses.这幅蛋彩画怎么样？它的主题是一群红色的骏马
The dark background conveys a sense of despair.深色背景传达出绝望感。
Blue stands out against white; beige blends in with it.蓝色在白色的映衬下凸显出来，米色融入其中。
Maybe the artist was expressing emotional intensity.也许艺术家在表达强烈的情感。
The various shapes combine to create an intense image.这些各种各样的形状共同构成一种鲜明的形象。
1.description medium objective-line shape articulate expressionisy
2.analysis line-color
3. interpretation convey chao and intense of despair
4.judgement

解释抽象概念
当有人不熟悉某一抽象概念时，你不能只给人看图来阐释 - 你必须加以解释。首先，使用动词 be 介绍它是什么。它是一种系统吗？它是一种做事的方法吗？它是最理想的吗？在下面的例子中，对 feng shui 加以定义，然后再定义 chi 和 space，进一步说明 feng shui。
'Feng shui' is a system of aesthetics regarding how things are arranged in a space. '风水'是一种关于物品在空间如何摆放的美学系统。
'Chi' is energy. 气是能量。
Space is the open area available in a room. 空间是房间中可用的空旷区域。
接着，介绍一些历史或背景信息。
Feng shui was developed in China more than 3,000 years ago. 风水 3000 多年前在中国形成。
Space is one of the fundamental elements of interior design. 空间是室内设计的基本元素之一。
By understanding the theories of feng shui, you can design a warm and welcoming home. 通过了解风水，你可以设计温馨宜人的居所。
By following the ideas of feng shui, you can create a good flow of energy and bring in good fortune. 通过遵循风水的理念，你可以打造良好的能量流通，带来好运。
A feeling of freedom or luxury can be expressed by allowing large, open spaces. 设置宽敞而开阔的空间，可以透露一种自由感或奢华感。
你也可以提出实例和建议，介绍这种抽象概念是如何在现实生活中作用的。
One tip for using feng shui is to keep the bedroom clear of stuff. That helps the energy move. 一个利用风水的建议是卧室内不要放东西。那有助于能量流动。
For example, if you want the space to feel larger, get rid of some of your furniture. 例如，如果你想让空间感觉更宽敞，那就去掉一些家具。
Have you seen pictures of the Forbidden City in China? Now that'sfeng shui. 你见过中国紫禁城的图片吗？那就是风水。

architecture
1.height to architectural top
2.highest occupied floor
3.height to top of roof
4.height to tip
in the running 有取胜的希望
the floor where people can be 人们能够到达的楼层
the measurement 测量
the United Arab Emirates 阿联酋
the criteria 标准
定冠词
名词前用 the 特指某物，比如一栋建筑或一个组织。
I've never seen the Petronas Twin Towers in Malaysia. 我从没看过马来西亚的双子塔。
Our firm works with the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. 我们公司与高层建筑和城市住宅委员会合作。
最高级结构中使用 the。
It isn't easy to determine which building is the tallest in the world. 要确定世界最高建筑并不容易。
使用 the 为特定事物下定义。
They're the long pieces of metal on top of buildings that receive TV and radio signals.
使用 the 特指已知事物或各方都了解的事物。注意在下例中，a man 是如何变为 the man 的：
I saw a man trying to get into the Empire State Building without paying. The man was caught by security guards and thrown out. 我看到一名男子不买票就想进入帝国大厦。那名男子给保安抓住，然后撵走了。
注意在下面的例子中，如何假定提及的具体事物是已知或为人理解的。
I prefer the country because there are no tall buildings. 我喜欢乡村，因为乡村没有高楼大厦。
I couldn't find the museum because of the fog. 由于雾太大，我找不到那家博物馆。
在指代自然界独一无二的物体时使用 the，比如 the sun、the moon、the stars、the sky 和 the universe。
The average distance from the Earth to the sun is 150 million kilometers. 地球到太阳的平均距离为 1.5 亿千米。
The stars in the sky were bright and beautiful as we walked along the dark road. 天空繁星点点，明亮而美丽，我们走在漆黑的路上。
How big is the universe? Nobody knows. In fact, there may even be other universes out there we don't even know of. 宇宙有多大？没人知道。事实上，甚至可能存在我们根本都不知道的其他宇宙。
大洲、国家、州或城市的名字前不要使用 the，除非是复数形式或属于名字的一部分。国家名字中含有定冠词的并不多。请看下面一些例子：
the Netherlands
the Philippines
the United Arab Emirates
the United Kingdom
the United States of America
日期、月份或季节之前不要使用 the，除非你是指特定的某天、某月或某个季节。
The summer of 2012 was one of the hottest in years. 2012 年的夏天是多年来最炎热的一个夏天。
The month of May is my favorite season. 五月是我们最喜爱的季节。
复习：确定作者的态度
通过给出观点、感受和个人经历，作者就某一对象表明自己的态度。精心选定的形容词有助于传达肯定或否定的态度。
It's an intriguing blend of the old and new. 它是新旧的迷人融合。
The architecture is odd. 建筑风格很奇怪。
你也可以使用副词传达肯定或否定的态度。
The area is comparatively noisy. 那一地区比较嘈杂。
The arches are profoundly beautiful. 这些拱门非常迷人。
有的表达也传达出肯定或否定的态度。
I have no doubt that Shanghai's reputation for innovative architecture will be maintained. 我毫不怀疑上海在创新建筑方面的名声会延续下去。
The Bund has a special place in my heart. 外滩在我心中占据着特殊的位置。
作者也可以使用肯定或否定的形象，以此表达其态度。
The Temple of the Town God is genuinely fit for a heavenly being. 城隍庙非常适合祭祀神灵。
The Oriental Pearl Tower makes you feel like you've been kidnapped by aliens. 东方明珠塔让你感觉好像被外星人绑架了一样。
Discovering the old and the new
by Fiona Mills
The buildings of Shanghai are simply breathtaking in their size and diversity. The city has an impressive number of modern skyscrapers – more than a thousand, according to some counts – that are in sharp contrast to several styles of architecture from different time periods.
The Bund offers the perfect tour of sophisticated European buildings, many constructed in the mid-1800s to early 1900s in various gorgeous styles, including Renaissance, Baroque and neo-classical. The area is attractively situated along the Huangpu River. Look across the Huangpu for one of the city's most intriguing architectural contrasts: Pudong, with buildings that look like they belong in a science-fiction movie. Here, you'll immediately notice Shanghai's most famous building, the Oriental Pearl Tower. It's definitely not the world's most beautiful building, but it is one of the tallest (at 468 meters) and most unusual. The spire and antennas reach an impressive 118 meters high. Near the Pearl is the Shanghai World Financial Center, which, with 101 floors, is China's tallest building.
Don't miss the former French Concession, which has a special place in my heart. The comparatively quiet streets are lined with French architecture and vibrant green trees. Two favorite buildings are the Little Red House, which used to be a record company and is now a restaurant; and the Normandie, an exquisite, eight-story apartment building that invites you to dream about how the people of Shanghai lived in the 1930s.
Shanghai's Shikumen houses are a masterful blend of Chinese and European stone architecture. Each house features a large, stone entrance that opens up onto a small courtyard. The Old City is the best place to see traditional Chinese architecture. Shanghai's Temple of the Town God was first constructed in the early 15th century. The temple is topped with the delicately profound arches of traditional Chinese roofs.
All in all, there's more to Shanghai than meets the eye. Whether you're a slave to modern architectural fashions, or prefer getting lost down traditional tree-lined streets with old buildings to either side, there's something in Shanghai for everyone.